1) I pulled inspection cover off primary and used a suction tube to take oil sample. It is primary oil and is not overfilled. So I think this rules out a blown crank seal.
Good deal..this means your seals are good.
2) Transmission oil is also fine and not diluted or low.
Ditto
3) Crankcase oil screen clear - no blockages
Good
My bike has never drained oil into the sump before while sitting. There has always been oil in the filler tube to indicate the oil level whether hot or cold.
OK
I have no oil in the filler tube and know I have put in about a half quart or more. Im very ocd on checking my oil so I know it did not run low from use. Something here is amiss. May be an oil pump failure - not sure. Bike has less than 12k miles.
Your idiot light is troubling. Could be low pressure from oil pump failure or low amount of oil. Have you bent or crimped a braided oil line? That happened to Eric, and his suggestion of a mechanical gauge to check oil pressure is a very good idea.
I'm reluctant to pour any more oil in as I don't want to over-pressure the crankcase and screw something else up.
When U overfill K9 it tends to spit it out and make a mess. One thing you could easily do is to completely drain your oil system (engine and sump). Then you know how much oil is in there. Just use a clean pan so you can re-use it.then you know it has 3 qts.
1) Would installing a oil pressure gauge at this point possibly tell me that I have an oil pump issue?
Yes..only if the engine has oil in it.
2) Would draining the crank sump and oil tank really tell me anything?
Yes, because you can empty the oil tank and see how much oil is in it.
Then you can empty the sump and measure that and add the two amounts. Should be about 3 qts. But if you have been adding there will be more. If you are correct about the primary being OK, that oil has to be somewhere in there.
Normally the sump holds about a half quart or so, so if you get a quart or more, it's seeping down.
3) My oil light is blinking and oil does not seem to be returning to the oil tank - is this telling me I have a pump problem?
An oil pressure gauge would be illuminating here.
I'd suggest you drain your oil and measure 3 quarts, and return that to the engine. Make sure you have the correct filter too....then attach an oil pressure gauge and fire it up to see what you have.
If you have good oil pressure, take it out and ride it until it's good and hot, then check your oil every 5 minutes until it doesn't measure on the dipstick anymore. You know it went into the sump. No place else to go.
Understand the oil pump is actually two oil pumps...(see image in post #14 above)--one that gets oil from the tank and sends it to the upper and lower engine to lube valve train, crank, and all critical parts under higher pressure. That oil drains back down into the sump..The other half of the pump picks up that oil from the sump, sends it through the oil filter, then returns it to the tank.
Net effect: If the tank has oil in it and the pump is working correctly, your bike has oil pressure from the instant you start it--doesn't matter if it is in the sump, because when you start the bike, the return oil pump gets busy sendingView attachment 44415 the sump oil back to the tank.